前两天讲到4名警官误杀外籍移民Diallo的悲剧。作者马克威尔指出追捕Diallo的警察在高压下，进入「自闭」的状态，并失去判断能力，在第一名警察由于误判开枪后，四名警察陷入集体恐慌，根本无法判断Diallo脸上恐惧的表情，而使事件一发不可收拾。
今天继续读《决断2秒间》第6章中的6~8节，也就是：「时间在生死交关时的角色/「我心中有个声音说：我还不必开枪」/惠勒街的悲剧」的部分。
作者马克威尔进一步指出，面临危及情况，快速判断的高压，使人无暇思考，会加深人既有的偏见。所以针对Diallo悲剧，有人认为这是赤裸裸的种族歧视，这种说法不无道理。警方在深夜闹区看到一名游荡的有色男子，分秒间产生的种族及犯罪联想，在追缉的高压过程中，导致误杀。这一面是种族歧视，一面是高压惹的祸。
如何避免这样的悲剧重演？
老马在书中有一段警官瞬间决策的描绘，这位警官因为富有经验，而避免一个青少年被警方枪击：
the officer’s experience and skill allowed him to stretch out that fraction of time, to slow the situation down, to keep gathering information until the last possible moment. He watches the gun come out. He sees the pearly grip. He tracks the direction of the muzzle. He waits for the kid to decide whether to pull the gun up or simply to drop it—and all the while, even as he tracks the progress of the gun, he is also watching the kid’s face, to see whether he is dangerous or simply frightened.
经验和放慢速度，都可以在关键时刻，争取到更好的判断力，来避免悲剧。实验证明，警方受过多次突袭演习后，由于习惯突发状况，能有效避免陷入慌乱，而能作出正确响应。此外，避免两名警察出勤，可以使单独出勤的警察，行为更谨慎，避免独自动武或追捕，而能等待同伴支持。在这个等待过程中，警察能避免冲动行事和造成不幸。
Words & Phrases
virtuoso
a person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit.
synonyms: genius, expert, master, past master, maestro, artist, prodigy
Stroke victims who have lost the ability to speak, for example, are virtuosos, because their infirmity has forced them to become far more sensitive to the information written on people’s faces.
young-looking
having a youthful appearance.
相似词法Good-looking
I had the drop on him, and I wanted to give him just a little more benefit of a doubt because he was so young looking
raw
菜鸟
They are raw. They are new to the Bronx.
effectively
实质地
He’s effectively autistic.
the governments effectively lose control of their own economies.
Before they got the results they felt very close and were effectively sisters to each other.
