有些网页在查询数据的时候，浏览器地址栏url不发生改变，典型的例子有某网站
当你改变条件再次查询的时候，客户端是通过Ajax请求向服务器发起请求
首先要通过开发者工具找到请求的url
12306.png
图中请求的url为：
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2022-06-29&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CDW&leftTicketDTO.to_station=SHH&purpose_codes=ADULT
另外，要把请求头记下来
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: _uab_collina=165606030144749982200458; JSESSIONID=401908F8118D727B5CBAD9F740C71FB5; highContrastMode=defaltMode; guidesStatus=off; cursorStatus=off; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1656691421557; RAIL_DEVICEID=ri6nXn_Z4JvuTfJ_dKkesj62yt7o45BG6BTx7xmjwqzCkpc2n9XwDN03Jwe1zmbFvGtn3wq4kpkyCcfk8ffhwOZHh7Fj9QQZRXxt-3Wd54OC-InIOkYoe06yk8pAKK0LLBcbzOKj8MPwB51_xh8WDHQO09qjmooQ; BIGipServerpassport=770179338.50215.0000; route=6f50b51faa11b987e576cdb301e545c4; BIGipServerotn=1089470986.24610.0000; _jc_save_toStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toDate=2022-06-29; BIGipServerpool_passport=182714890.50215.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2022-06-29; _jc_save_fromStation=%u6210%u90FD%2CCDW
Host: kyfw.12306.cn
If-Modified-Since: 0
Referer: https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc&fs=%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD,CDW&ts=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7,SHH&date=2022-06-29&flag=N,N,Y
sec-ch-ua: " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Google Chrome";v="100"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.88 Safari/537.36
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
开始写代码
import requests
def get_ticket():
# ajax请求要在开发者工具中网络监控中去找，浏览器地址栏不显示
url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2022-06-29&leftTicketDTO.from_station=HZH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=SHH&purpose_codes=ADULT'
# 开发者工具找到对应的替换下面的header内容，注意Cookie, Referer值要修改
headers = {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cookie": "_uab_collina=165606030144749982200458; JSESSIONID=E6E0AEED78C2D7C1F570B546D4EF1E54; highContrastMode=defaltMode; guidesStatus=off; cursorStatus=off; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1656691421557; RAIL_DEVICEID=ri6nXn_Z4JvuTfJ_dKkesj62yt7o45BG6BTx7xmjwqzCkpc2n9XwDN03Jwe1zmbFvGtn3wq4kpkyCcfk8ffhwOZHh7Fj9QQZRXxt-3Wd54OC-InIOkYoe06yk8pAKK0LLBcbzOKj8MPwB51_xh8WDHQO09qjmooQ; BIGipServerpassport=770179338.50215.0000; route=6f50b51faa11b987e576cdb301e545c4; BIGipServerotn=1089470986.24610.0000; _jc_save_toStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toDate=2022-06-29; BIGipServerpool_passport=182714890.50215.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2022-06-29; _jc_save_fromStation=%u676D%u5DDE%2CHZH",
"Host": "kyfw.12306.cn",
"If-Modified-Since": "0",
"Referer": "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc&fs=%E6%88%90%E9%83%BD,CDW&ts=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7,SHH&date=2022-06-29&flag=N,N,Y",
"Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
"Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
"Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.88 Safari/537.36",
"X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
"sec-ch-ua": '" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Google Chrome";v="100"',
"sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
"sec-ch-ua-platform": '"Windows"'
}
res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
print(res.status_code)
print(res)
# json格式数据
print(res.json())
get_ticket()
注意headers要替换成自己开发者工具里面找到的相应的值
结果
{"httpstatus":200,"data":{"result":["lmQHenmSFf3kw%2B29NClu065Mj9V4m7GelIDIzUJn96TvysGMAPlJ%2Btom2A7beV0xbn%2BnjX%2FKAW9K%0A1qUi1YCOIlmh9zInBe%2FlmL0rxdroLIXY551aArUrG9meLlWRPsrY96xxfDexooeLEra8n%2BEq6lzW%0AwWKVQ5JTBFNWoyMYG0mheavqzhyo0ynnS5ULHR%2F8O7XQ9M4GYziLaUNnOSOtTGOhwNoL%2Fj6sIKDe%0AlgRrxtoZ5fBe7mfWZ%2Bng4rf3ZZ%2Bk7bDWNkUwBwO0k03owNsjDo3BmUEwY%2FYBEQOcwh85v2eJwqxj%0AbBxtZNZaL7xz2KHR|预订|760000K2840D|K284|CDW|SHH|CDW|SHH|18:40|07:10|36:30|Y|HHSvdMvYTHeS3nHxj3Jp92Y%2BcyZqmsTRrb0EGEaMCjwipr5e9wi1WFeNlgg%3D|20220629|3|W3|01|23|1|0||||5|||无||无|有|||||403010W0|4311|0|1||4073450005304635000010273500211027353000|0|||||1|#0#0#0#z||7"],"flag":"1","map":{"SHH":"上海","CDW":"成都"}},"messages":"","status":true}
由于某网站的数据格式比较特殊，前面的一长串字符串实际是secretStr， 可以不用管
