# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Bottle is a fast and simple micro-framework for small web applications. It
offers request dispatching (Routes) with url parameter support, templates,
key/value databases, a built-in HTTP Server and adapters for many third party
WSGI/HTTP-server and template engines - all in a single file and with no
dependencies other than the Python Standard Library.
Homepage and documentation: http://wiki.github.com/defnull/bottle
Special thanks to Stefan Matthias Aust [http://github.com/sma]
for his contribution to SimpleTemplate
Licence (MIT)
-------------
Copyright (c) 2009, Marcel Hellkamp.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
Example
-------
from bottle import route, run, request, response, send_file, abort
@route('/')
def hello_world():
return 'Hello World!'
@route('/hello/:name')
def hello_name(name):
return 'Hello %s!' % name
@route('/hello', method='POST')
def hello_post():
name = request.POST['name']
return 'Hello %s!' % name
@route('/static/:filename#.*#')
def static_file(filename):
send_file(filename, root='/path/to/static/files/')
run(host='localhost', port=8080)
"""
__author__ = 'Marcel Hellkamp'
__version__ = '0.6.6'
__license__ = 'MIT'
import types
import sys
import cgi
import mimetypes
import os
import os.path
import traceback
import re
import random
import threading
import time
import warnings
import email.utils
from wsgiref.headers import Headers as HeaderWrapper
from Cookie import SimpleCookie
import anydbm as dbm
import subprocess
import thread
try:
from urlparse import parse_qs # 处理类似‘a=100&a=200&b=abc’ --> {'a': ['100', '200'], 'b': ['abc']}
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
from cgi import parse_qs
try:
import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
import pickle as pickle
try:
try:
from json import dumps as json_dumps
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
from simplejson import dumps as json_dumps
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
json_dumps = None
# Exceptions and Events
class BottleException(Exception):
""" A base class for exceptions used by bottle. """
pass
class HTTPError(BottleException):
"""
A way to break the execution and instantly jump to an error handler.
"""
def __init__(self, status, text):
self.output = text
self.http_status = int(status)
BottleException.__init__(self, status, text)
def __repr__(self):
return 'HTTPError(%d,%s)' % (self.http_status, repr(self.output))
def __str__(self):
return HTTP_ERROR_TEMPLATE % {
'status': self.http_status,
'url': request.path,
'error_name': HTTP_CODES.get(self.http_status, 'Unknown').title(),
'error_message': ''.join(self.output)
}
class BreakTheBottle(BottleException):
"""
Not an exception, but a straight jump out of the controller code.
Causes the Bottle to instantly call start_response() and return the
content of output
"""
def __init__(self, output):
self.output = output
# WSGI abstraction: Request and response management
_default_app = None
def default_app(newapp=None):
"""
Returns the current default app or sets a new one.
Defaults to an instance of Bottle
"""
global _default_app
if newapp:
_default_app = newapp
if not _default_app:
_default_app = Bottle()
return _default_app
class Bottle(object):
def __init__(self, catchall=True, optimize=False, autojson=True):
self.simple_routes = {}
self.regexp_routes = {}
self.default_route = None
self.error_handler = {}
self.optimize = optimize #
self.autojson = autojson
self.catchall = catchall
self.serve = True
def match_url(self, url, method='GET'):
"""
Returns the first matching handler and a parameter dict or (None, None)
"""
url = url.strip().lstrip("/ ")
# Search for static routes first
route = self.simple_routes.get(method, {}).get(url, None)
if route:
return (route, {})
routes = self.regexp_routes.get(method, []) # 含有正则的url
for i in range(len(routes)):
match = routes[i][0].match(url)
if match:
handler = routes[i][1]
if i > 0 and self.optimize and random.random() <= 0.001:
routes[i - 1], routes[i] = routes[i], routes[i - 1]
return (handler, match.groupdict())
if self.default_route: # 默认url
return (self.default_route, {})
if method == 'HEAD': # Fall back to GET
return self.match_url(url)
else:
return (None, None)
def add_controller(self, route, controller, **kargs):
""" Adds a controller class or object """
if '{action}' not in route and 'action' not in kargs:
raise BottleException("Routes to controller classes or object MUST"
" contain an {action} placeholder or use the action-parameter")
for action in (m for m in dir(controller) if not m.startswith('_')):
handler = getattr(controller, action)
if callable(handler) and action == kargs.get('action', action):
self.add_route(route.replace('{action}', action), handler, **kargs)
def add_route(self, route, handler, method='GET', simple=False, **kargs):
""" Adds a new route to the route mappings. """
if isinstance(handler, type) and issubclass(handler, BaseController):
handler = handler()
if isinstance(handler, BaseController):
self.add_controller(route, handler, method=method, simple=simple, **kargs)
return
method = method.strip().upper()
route = route.strip().lstrip('$^/ ').rstrip('$^ ')
if re.match(r'^(\w+/)*\w*$', route) or simple:
self.simple_routes.setdefault(method, {})[route] = handler
else:
route = re.sub(r':([a-zA-Z_]+)(?P<uniq>[^\w/])(?P<re>.+?)(?P=uniq)',
r'(?P<\1>\g<re>)', route)
route = re.sub(r':([a-zA-Z_]+)', r'(?P<\1>[^/]+)', route)
route = re.compile('^%s$' % route)
self.regexp_routes.setdefault(method, []).append([route, handler])
def route(self, url, **kargs):
"""
Decorator for request handler.
Same as add_route(url, handler, **kargs).
"""
def wrapper(handler):
self.add_route(url, handler, **kargs)
return handler
return wrapper
def set_default(self, handler):
self.default_route = handler
def default(self):
""" Decorator for request handler. Same as add_defroute( handler )."""
def wrapper(handler):
self.set_default(handler)
return handler
return wrapper
def set_error_handler(self, code, handler):
""" Adds a new error handler. """
self.error_handler[int(code)] = handler
def error(self, code=500):
"""
Decorator for error handler.
Same as set_error_handler(code, handler).
"""
def wrapper(handler):
self.set_error_handler(code, handler)
return handler
return wrapper
def cast(self, out):
"""
Cast the output to an iterable of strings or something WSGI can handle.
Set Content-Type and Content-Length when possible. Then clear output
on HEAD requests.
Supports: False, str, unicode, list(unicode), dict(), open()
"""
if self.autojson and json_dumps and isinstance(out, dict): # json
out = [json_dumps(out)]
response.content_type = 'application/json'
elif not out: # 空
out = []
response.header['Content-Length'] = '0'
elif isinstance(out, types.StringType): # 字符串
out = [out]
elif isinstance(out, unicode): # unicode
out = [out.encode(response.charset)]
elif isinstance(out, list) and isinstance(out[0], unicode): # list and 元素为unicode类型
out = map(lambda x: x.encode(response.charset), out)
elif hasattr(out, 'read'): # 文件？
out = request.environ.get('wsgi.file_wrapper',
lambda x: iter(lambda: x.read(8192), ''))(out)
if isinstance(out, list) and len(out) == 1:
response.header['Content-Length'] = str(len(out[0])) # 长度
if not hasattr(out, '__iter__'): # out 需要是一个可迭代的对象
raise TypeError('Request handler for route "%s" returned [%s] '
'which is not iterable.' % (request.path, type(out).__name__))
return out
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
""" The bottle WSGI-interface. """
request.bind(environ)
response.bind()
try: # Unhandled Exceptions
try: # Bottle Error Handling
if not self.serve: # self.serve == False
abort(503, "Server stopped")
handler, args = self.match_url(request.path, request.method) # url , [GET, POST, PUSH ...]
if not handler:
raise HTTPError(404, "Not found")
output = handler(**args) # 调用视图函数
db.close()
except BreakTheBottle, e: # BreakTheBottle 异常
output = e.output
except HTTPError, e:
response.status = e.http_status
output = self.error_handler.get(response.status, str)(e)
output = self.cast(output)
if response.status in (100, 101, 204, 304) or request.method == 'HEAD':
output = [] # rfc2616 section 4.3
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError):
raise
except Exception, e:
response.status = 500
if self.catchall: # catchall ?
err = "Unhandled Exception: %s\n" % (repr(e))
if DEBUG:
err += TRACEBACK_TEMPLATE % traceback.format_exc(10)
output = [str(HTTPError(500, err))]
request._environ['wsgi.errors'].write(err)
else:
raise
status = '%d %s' % (response.status, HTTP_CODES[response.status])
start_response(status, response.wsgiheaders())
return output
class Request(threading.local): # 线程安全
""" Represents a single request using thread-local namespace. """
def bind(self, environ):
"""
Binds the enviroment of the current request to this request handler
"""
self._environ = environ
self.environ = self._environ
self._GET = None
self._POST = None
self._GETPOST = None
self._COOKIES = None
self.path = self._environ.get('PATH_INFO', '/').strip()
if not self.path.startswith('/'):
self.path = '/' + self.path
@property
def method(self): # [GET, POST, PUSH ... ]
""" Get the request method (GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,...) """
return self._environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET').upper()
@property
def query_string(self):
""" Get content of QUERY_STRING """
return self._environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')
@property
def input_length(self): # content_length
""" Get content of CONTENT_LENGTH """
try:
return max(0, int(self._environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH', '0')))
except ValueError:
return 0
@property
def GET(self):
""" Get a dict with GET parameters. """
if self._GET is None:
data = parse_qs(self.query_string, keep_blank_values=True)
self._GET = {}
for key, value in data.iteritems():
if len(value) == 1:
self._GET[key] = value[0]
else:
self._GET[key] = value
return self._GET
@property
def POST(self):
""" Get a dict with parsed POST or PUT data. """
if self._POST is None:
data = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=self._environ['wsgi.input'],
environ=self._environ, keep_blank_values=True)
self._POST = {}
for item in data.list or []:
name = item.name
if not item.filename:
item = item.value
self._POST.setdefault(name, []).append(item)
for key in self._POST:
if len(self._POST[key]) == 1:
self._POST[key] = self._POST[key][0]
return self._POST
@property
def params(self): # 放回GET和POST请求的数据，并且POST的数据会覆盖GET的数据
""" Returns a mix of GET and POST data. POST overwrites GET """
if self._GETPOST is None:
self._GETPOST = dict(self.GET)
self._GETPOST.update(dict(self.POST))
return self._GETPOST
@property
def COOKIES(self):
""" Returns a dict with COOKIES. """
if self._COOKIES is None:
raw_dict = SimpleCookie(self._environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE', ''))
self._COOKIES = {}
for cookie in raw_dict.itervalues():
self._COOKIES[cookie.key] = cookie.value
return self._COOKIES
class Response(threading.local):
""" Represents a single response using thread-local namespace. """
def bind(self):
""" Clears old data and creates a brand new Response object """
self._COOKIES = None
self.status = 200
self.header_list = []
self.header = HeaderWrapper(self.header_list)
self.content_type = 'text/html'
self.error = None
self.charset = 'utf8'
def wsgiheaders(self):
''' Returns a wsgi conform list of header/value pairs '''
for c in self.COOKIES.itervalues():
self.header.add_header('Set-Cookie', c.OutputString())
return [(h.title(), str(v)) for h, v in self.header.items()]
@property
def COOKIES(self):
if not self._COOKIES:
self._COOKIES = SimpleCookie()
return self._COOKIES
def set_cookie(self, key, value, **kargs):
"""
Sets a Cookie. Optional settings:
expires, path, comment, domain, max-age, secure, version, httponly
"""
self.COOKIES[key] = value
for k, v in kargs.iteritems():
self.COOKIES[key][k] = v
def get_content_type(self):
""" Get the current 'Content-Type' header. """
return self.header['Content-Type']
def set_content_type(self, value):
if 'charset=' in value:
self.charset = value.split('charset=')[-1].split(';')[0].strip()
self.header['Content-Type'] = value
content_type = property(get_content_type, set_content_type, None,
get_content_type.__doc__)
class BaseController(object): # 单例
_singleton = None
def __new__(cls, *a, **k):
if not cls._singleton:
cls._singleton = object.__new__(cls, *a, **k)
return cls._singleton
def abort(code=500, text='Unknown Error: Appliction stopped.'):
""" Aborts execution and causes a HTTP error. """
raise HTTPError(code, text)
def redirect(url, code=307): # 跳转,只需要修改response的status为30*， 且response中的header的Location为需要的url
""" Aborts execution and causes a 307 redirect """
response.status = code
response.header['Location'] = url
raise BreakTheBottle("")
def send_file(filename, root, guessmime=True, mimetype=None):
""" Aborts execution and sends a static files as response. """
root = os.path.abspath(root) + os.sep
filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(root, filename.strip('/\\')))
if not filename.startswith(root):
abort(401, "Access denied.")
if not os.path.exists(filename) or not os.path.isfile(filename):
abort(404, "File does not exist.")
if not os.access(filename, os.R_OK):
abort(401, "You do not have permission to access this file.")
if guessmime and not mimetype:
mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0]
if not mimetype: mimetype = 'text/plain'
response.content_type = mimetype
stats = os.stat(filename)
if 'Last-Modified' not in response.header:
lm = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime(stats.st_mtime))
response.header['Last-Modified'] = lm
if 'HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE' in request.environ:
ims = request.environ['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']
# IE sends "<date>; length=146"
ims = ims.split(";")[0].strip()
ims = parse_date(ims)
if ims is not None and ims >= stats.st_mtime:
abort(304, "Not modified")
if 'Content-Length' not in response.header:
response.header['Content-Length'] = str(stats.st_size)
raise BreakTheBottle(open(filename, 'rb'))
def parse_date(ims):
"""
Parses date strings usually found in HTTP header and returns UTC epoch.
Understands rfc1123, rfc850 and asctime.
"""
try:
ts = email.utils.parsedate_tz(ims)
if ts is not None:
if ts[9] is None:
return time.mktime(ts[:8] + (0,)) - time.timezone
else:
return time.mktime(ts[:8] + (0,)) - ts[9] - time.timezone
except (ValueError, IndexError):
return None
# Decorators
def validate(**vkargs):
"""
Validates and manipulates keyword arguments by user defined callables.
Handles ValueError and missing arguments by raising HTTPError(403).
"""
def decorator(func):
def wrapper(**kargs):
for key, value in vkargs.iteritems():
if key not in kargs:
abort(403, 'Missing parameter: %s' % key)
try:
kargs[key] = value(kargs[key])
except ValueError, e:
abort(403, 'Wrong parameter format for: %s' % key)
return func(**kargs)
return wrapper
return decorator
def route(url, **kargs):
"""
Decorator for request handler. Same as add_route(url, handler, **kargs).
"""
return default_app().route(url, **kargs)
def default():
"""
Decorator for request handler. Same as set_default(handler).
"""
return default_app().default()
def error(code=500):
"""
Decorator for error handler. Same as set_error_handler(code, handler).
"""
return default_app().error(code)
# Server adapter
class WSGIAdapter(object):
def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover
pass
def __repr__(self):
return "%s()" % (self.__class__.__name__)
class CGIServer(WSGIAdapter):
def run(self, handler):
from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler
CGIHandler().run(handler)
class ServerAdapter(WSGIAdapter):
def __init__(self, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, **kargs):
WSGIAdapter.__init__(self)
self.host = host
self.port = int(port)
self.options = kargs
def __repr__(self):
return "%s (%s:%d)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.host, self.port)
class WSGIRefServer(ServerAdapter):
def run(self, handler):
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
srv = make_server(self.host, self.port, handler)
srv.serve_forever()
class CherryPyServer(ServerAdapter):
def run(self, handler):
from cherrypy import wsgiserver
server = wsgiserver.CherryPyWSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler)
server.start()
class FlupServer(ServerAdapter):
def run(self, handler):
from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer
WSGIServer(handler, bindAddress=(self.host, self.port)).run()
class PasteServer(ServerAdapter):
def run(self, handler):
from paste import httpserver
from paste.translogger import TransLogger
app = TransLogger(handler)
httpserver.serve(app, host=self.host, port=str(self.port))
class FapwsServer(ServerAdapter):
"""
Extremly fast webserver using libev.
See http://william-os4y.livejournal.com/
Experimental ...
"""
def run(self, handler):
import fapws._evwsgi as evwsgi
from fapws import base
evwsgi.start(self.host, self.port)
evwsgi.set_base_module(base)
def app(environ, start_response):
environ['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False
return handler(environ, start_response)
evwsgi.wsgi_cb(('', app))
evwsgi.run()
def run(app=None, server=WSGIRefServer, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080,
interval=1, reloader=False, **kargs):
""" Runs bottle as a web server. """
if not app:
app = default_app()
quiet = bool(kargs.get('quiet', False)) # ?
# Instantiate server, if it is a class instead of an instance
if isinstance(server, type):
if issubclass(server, CGIServer):
server = server()
elif issubclass(server, ServerAdapter): # ServerAdapter 适配器
server = server(host=host, port=port, **kargs)
if not isinstance(server, WSGIAdapter):
raise RuntimeError("Server must be a subclass of WSGIAdapter")
if not quiet and isinstance(server, ServerAdapter): # pragma: no cover
if not reloader or os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD') == 'true':
print "Bottle server starting up (using %s)..." % repr(server)
print "Listening on http://%s:%d/" % (server.host, server.port)
print "Use Ctrl-C to quit."
print
else:
print "Bottle auto reloader starting up..."
try:
if reloader and interval:
reloader_run(server, app, interval)
else:
server.run(app)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
if not quiet: # pragma: no cover
print "Shutting Down..."
# TODO: If the parent process is killed (with SIGTERM) the childs survive...
def reloader_run(server, app, interval):
if os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD') == 'true':
# We are a child process
files = dict()
for module in sys.modules.values(): # 加载的模块
file_path = getattr(module, '__file__', None) # 模块所在的文件path
if file_path and os.path.isfile(file_path):
file_split = os.path.splitext(file_path)
if file_split[1] in ('.py', '.pyc', '.pyo'):
file_path = file_split[0] + '.py'
files[file_path] = os.stat(file_path).st_mtime # st_mtime：最后一次修改的时间
thread.start_new_thread(server.run, (app,))
while True:
time.sleep(interval)
for file_path, file_mtime in files.iteritems():
if not os.path.exists(file_path):
print "File changed: %s (deleted)" % file_path
elif os.stat(file_path).st_mtime > file_mtime:
print "File changed: %s (modified)" % file_path
else:
continue
print "Restarting..."
app.serve = False
time.sleep(interval) # be nice and wait for running requests
sys.exit(3)
while True:
args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv # 命令行命令
environ = os.environ.copy() # 运行环境
environ['BOTTLE_CHILD'] = 'true'
exit_status = subprocess.call(args, env=environ) # 开启一个新进程，并等待子进程结束才会继续执行
if exit_status != 3:
sys.exit(exit_status)
# Templates
class TemplateError(HTTPError):
def __init__(self, message):
HTTPError.__init__(self, 500, message)
class BaseTemplate(object):
def __init__(self, template='', name=None, filename=None, lookup=[]):
"""
Create a new template.
If a name is provided, but no filename and no template string, the
filename is guessed using the lookup path list.
Subclasses can assume that either self.template or self.filename is set.
If both are present, self.template should be used.
"""
self.name = name
self.filename = filename
self.template = template
self.lookup = lookup
if self.name and not self.filename:
for path in self.lookup:
fpath = os.path.join(path, self.name + '.tpl')
if os.path.isfile(fpath):
self.filename = fpath
if not self.template and not self.filename:
raise TemplateError('Template (%s) not found.' % self.name)
self.prepare()
def prepare(self):
"""
Run preparatios (parsing, caching, ...).
It should be possible to call this multible times to refresh a template.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def render(self, **args):
"""
Render the template with the specified local variables and return an
iterator of strings (bytes). This must be thread save!
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class MakoTemplate(BaseTemplate):
output_encoding = None
input_encoding = None
default_filters = None
global_variables = {}
def prepare(self):
from mako.template import Template
from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup
# TODO: This is a hack... http://github.com/defnull/bottle/issues#issue/8
mylookup = TemplateLookup(directories=map(os.path.abspath, self.lookup) + ['./'])
if self.template:
self.tpl = Template(self.template,
lookup=mylookup,
output_encoding=MakoTemplate.output_encoding,
input_encoding=MakoTemplate.input_encoding,
default_filters=MakoTemplate.default_filters
)
else:
self.tpl = Template(filename=self.filename,
lookup=mylookup,
output_encoding=MakoTemplate.output_encoding,
input_encoding=MakoTemplate.input_encoding,
default_filters=MakoTemplate.default_filters
)
def render(self, **args):
_defaults = MakoTemplate.global_variables.copy()
_defaults.update(args)
return self.tpl.render(**_defaults)
class CheetahTemplate(BaseTemplate):
def prepare(self):
from Cheetah.Template import Template
self.context = threading.local()
self.context.vars = {}
if self.template:
self.tpl = Template(source=self.template, searchList=[self.context.vars])
else:
self.tpl = Template(file=self.filename, searchList=[self.context.vars])
def render(self, **args):
self.context.vars.update(args)
out = str(self.tpl)
self.context.vars.clear()
return [out]
class Jinja2Template(BaseTemplate):
env = None # hopefully, a Jinja environment is actually thread-safe
def prepare(self):
if not self.env:
from jinja2 import Environment, FunctionLoader
self.env = Environment(line_statement_prefix="#", loader=FunctionLoader(self.loader))
if self.template:
self.tpl = self.env.from_string(self.template)
else:
self.tpl = self.env.get_template(self.filename)
def render(self, **args):
return self.tpl.render(**args).encode("utf-8")
def loader(self, name):
if not name.endswith(".tpl"):
for path in self.lookup:
fpath = os.path.join(path, name + '.tpl')
if os.path.isfile(fpath):
name = fpath
break
f = open(name)
try:
return f.read()
finally:
f.close()
class SimpleTemplate(BaseTemplate):
re_python = re.compile(r'^\s*%\s*(?:(if|elif|else|try|except|finally|for|'
'while|with|def|class)|(include|rebase)|(end)|(.*))')
re_inline = re.compile(r'\{\{(.*?)\}\}')
dedent_keywords = ('elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally')
def prepare(self):
if self.template:
code = self.translate(self.template)
self.co = compile(code, '<string>', 'exec')
else:
code = self.translate(open(self.filename).read())
self.co = compile(code, self.filename, 'exec')
def translate(self, template):
indent = 0
strbuffer = []
code = []
self.includes = dict()
class PyStmt(str):
def __repr__(self): return 'str(' + self + ')'
def flush(allow_nobreak=False):
if len(strbuffer):
if allow_nobreak and strbuffer[-1].endswith("\\\\\n"):
strbuffer[-1] = strbuffer[-1][:-3]
code.append(' ' * indent + "_stdout.append(%s)" % repr(''.join(strbuffer)))
code.append((' ' * indent + '\n') * len(strbuffer)) # to preserve line numbers
del strbuffer[:]
for line in template.splitlines(True):
lineend = '\n' if not line.endswith('\n') else ''
m = self.re_python.match(line)
if m:
flush(allow_nobreak=True)
keyword, subtpl, end, statement = m.groups()
if keyword:
if keyword in self.dedent_keywords:
indent -= 1
code.append(" " * indent + line[m.start(1):])
indent += 1
elif subtpl:
tmp = line[m.end(2):].strip().split(None, 1)
if not tmp:
code.append(' ' * indent + "_stdout.extend(_base)\n")
else:
name = tmp[0]
args = tmp[1:] and tmp[1] or ''
if name not in self.includes:
self.includes[name] = SimpleTemplate(name=name, lookup=self.lookup)
if subtpl == 'include':
code.append(' ' * indent +
"_ = _includes[%s].execute(_stdout, %s)\n"
% (repr(name), args))
else:
code.append(' ' * indent +
"_tpl['_rebase'] = (_includes[%s], dict(%s))\n"
% (repr(name), args))
elif end:
indent -= 1
code.append(' ' * indent + '#' + line[m.start(3):] + lineend)
elif statement:
code.append(' ' * indent + line[m.start(4):] + lineend)
else:
splits = self.re_inline.split(line) # text, (expr, text)*
if len(splits) == 1:
strbuffer.append(line)
else:
flush()
for i in range(1, len(splits), 2):
splits[i] = PyStmt(splits[i])
splits = [x for x in splits if bool(x)]
code.append(' ' * indent + "_stdout.extend(%s)\n" % repr(splits))
flush()
return ''.join(code)
def execute(self, stdout, **args):
args['_stdout'] = stdout
args['_includes'] = self.includes
args['_tpl'] = args
eval(self.co, args)
if '_rebase' in args:
subtpl, args = args['_rebase']
args['_base'] = stdout[:] # copy stdout
del stdout[:] # clear stdout
return subtpl.execute(stdout, **args)
return args
def render(self, **args):
""" Render the template using keyword arguments as local variables. """
stdout = []
self.execute(stdout, **args)
return stdout
def template(tpl, template_adapter=SimpleTemplate, **args):
'''
Get a rendered template as a string iterator.
You can use a name, a filename or a template string as first parameter.
'''
lookup = args.get('template_lookup', TEMPLATE_PATH)
if tpl not in TEMPLATES or DEBUG:
if "\n" in tpl or "{" in tpl or "%" in tpl or '$' in tpl:
TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(template=tpl, lookup=lookup)
elif '.' in tpl:
TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(filename=tpl, lookup=lookup)
else:
TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(name=tpl, lookup=lookup)
if not TEMPLATES[tpl]:
abort(500, 'Template (%s) not found' % tpl)
args['abort'] = abort
args['request'] = request
args['response'] = response
return TEMPLATES[tpl].render(**args)
def mako_template(tpl_name, **kargs):
kargs['template_adapter'] = MakoTemplate
return template(tpl_name, **kargs)
def cheetah_template(tpl_name, **kargs):
kargs['template_adapter'] = CheetahTemplate
return template(tpl_name, **kargs)
def jinja2_template(tpl_name, **kargs):
kargs['template_adapter'] = Jinja2Template
return template(tpl_name, **kargs)
def view(tpl_name, **defaults):
''' Decorator: Rendes a template for a handler.
Return a dict of template vars to fill out the template.
'''
def decorator(func):
def wrapper(**kargs):
out = func(**kargs)
defaults.update(out)
return template(tpl_name, **defaults)
return wrapper
return decorator
def mako_view(tpl_name, **kargs):
kargs['template_adapter'] = MakoTemplate
return view(tpl_name, **kargs)
def cheetah_view(tpl_name, **kargs):
kargs['template_adapter'] = CheetahTemplate
return view(tpl_name, **kargs)
def jinja2_view(tpl_name, **kargs):
kargs['template_adapter'] = Jinja2Template
return view(tpl_name, **kargs)
# Database
class BottleBucket(object): # pragma: no cover
""" Memory-caching wrapper around anydbm """
def __init__(self, name):
self.__dict__['name'] = name
self.__dict__['db'] = dbm.open(DB_PATH + '/%s.db' % name, 'c')
self.__dict__['mmap'] = {}
def __getitem__(self, key):
if key not in self.mmap:
self.mmap[key] = pickle.loads(self.db[key])
return self.mmap[key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if not isinstance(key, str): raise TypeError("Bottle keys must be strings")
self.mmap[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):
if key in self.mmap:
del self.mmap[key]
del self.db[key]
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def __delattr__(self, key):
try:
del self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(key)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.ukeys())
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self.ukeys()
def __len__(self):
return len(self.ukeys())
def keys(self):
return list(self.ukeys())
def ukeys(self):
return set(self.db.keys()) | set(self.mmap.keys())
def save(self):
self.close()
self.__init__(self.name)
def close(self):
for key in self.mmap:
pvalue = pickle.dumps(self.mmap[key], pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
if key not in self.db or pvalue != self.db[key]:
self.db[key] = pvalue
self.mmap.clear()
if hasattr(self.db, 'sync'):
self.db.sync()
if hasattr(self.db, 'close'):
self.db.close()
def clear(self):
for key in self.db:
del self.db[key]
self.mmap.clear()
def update(self, other):
self.mmap.update(other)
def get(self, key, default=None):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
if default:
return default
raise
class BottleDB(threading.local): # pragma: no cover
""" Holds multible BottleBucket instances in a thread-local way. """
def __init__(self):
self.__dict__['open'] = {}
def __getitem__(self, key):
warnings.warn("Please do not use bottle.db anymore. This feature is deprecated. You may use anydb directly.",
DeprecationWarning)
if key not in self.open and not key.startswith('_'):
self.open[key] = BottleBucket(key)
return self.open[key]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if isinstance(value, BottleBucket):
self.open[key] = value
elif hasattr(value, 'items'):
if key not in self.open:
self.open[key] = BottleBucket(key)
self.open[key].clear()
for k, v in value.iteritems():
self.open[key][k] = v
else:
raise ValueError("Only dicts and BottleBuckets are allowed.")
def __delitem__(self, key):
if key not in self.open:
self.open[key].clear()
self.open[key].save()
del self.open[key]
def __getattr__(self, key):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(key)
def __setattr__(self, key, value):
self[key] = value
def __delattr__(self, key):
try:
del self[key]
except KeyError:
raise AttributeError(key)
def save(self):
self.close()
self.__init__()
def close(self):
for db in self.open:
self.open[db].close()
self.open.clear()
# Modul initialization and configuration
DB_PATH = './'
TEMPLATE_PATH = ['./', './views/']
TEMPLATES = {}
DEBUG = False
HTTP_CODES = {
100: 'CONTINUE',
101: 'SWITCHING PROTOCOLS',
200: 'OK',
201: 'CREATED',
202: 'ACCEPTED',
203: 'NON-AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION',
204: 'NO CONTENT',
205: 'RESET CONTENT',
206: 'PARTIAL CONTENT',
300: 'MULTIPLE CHOICES',
301: 'MOVED PERMANENTLY',
302: 'FOUND',
303: 'SEE OTHER',
304: 'NOT MODIFIED',
305: 'USE PROXY',
306: 'RESERVED',
307: 'TEMPORARY REDIRECT',
400: 'BAD REQUEST',
401: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
402: 'PAYMENT REQUIRED',
403: 'FORBIDDEN',
404: 'NOT FOUND',
405: 'METHOD NOT ALLOWED',
406: 'NOT ACCEPTABLE',
407: 'PROXY AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED',
408: 'REQUEST TIMEOUT',
409: 'CONFLICT',
410: 'GONE',
411: 'LENGTH REQUIRED',
412: 'PRECONDITION FAILED',
413: 'REQUEST ENTITY TOO LARGE',
414: 'REQUEST-URI TOO LONG',
415: 'UNSUPPORTED MEDIA TYPE',
416: 'REQUESTED RANGE NOT SATISFIABLE',
417: 'EXPECTATION FAILED',
500: 'INTERNAL SERVER ERROR',
501: 'NOT IMPLEMENTED',
502: 'BAD GATEWAY',
503: 'SERVICE UNAVAILABLE',
504: 'GATEWAY TIMEOUT',
505: 'HTTP VERSION NOT SUPPORTED',
}
HTTP_ERROR_TEMPLATE = """
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Error %(status)d: %(error_name)s</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Error %(status)d: %(error_name)s</h1>
<p>Sorry, the requested URL <tt>%(url)s</tt> caused an error:</p>
<pre>
%(error_message)s
</pre>
</body>
</html>
"""
TRACEBACK_TEMPLATE = """
<h2>Traceback:</h2>
<pre>
%s
</pre>
"""
request = Request()
response = Response()
db = BottleDB()
local = threading.local()
# TODO: Global and app local configuration (debug, defaults, ...) is a mess
def debug(mode=True):
global DEBUG
DEBUG = bool(mode)
def optimize(mode=True):
default_app().optimize = bool(mode)
bottle源码
©著作权归作者所有,转载或内容合作请联系作者
- 文/潘晓璐 我一进店门，熙熙楼的掌柜王于贵愁眉苦脸地迎上来，“玉大人，你说我怎么就摊上这事。” “怎么了？”我有些...
- 文/花漫 我一把揭开白布。 她就那样静静地躺着，像睡着了一般。 火红的嫁衣衬着肌肤如雪。 梳的纹丝不乱的头发上，一...
- 文/苍兰香墨 我猛地睁开眼，长吁一口气：“原来是场噩梦啊……” “哼！你这毒妇竟也来了？” 一声冷哼从身侧响起，我...
