Handler
Android 异步消息处理机制 ,Handle机制其实也为我们提供了异步消息处理机制代码的参考。
由于Android系统规定主线程不能被阻塞,所以耗时操作必须放在子线程中进行。但是子线程中又不能访问UI。
Handler解决了在子线程中无法访问UI的矛盾。
使用
public void onClick(View v){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//拿到Message对象
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.arg1 = 1;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}) .start();
}
private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
//更新ui
TextView.setText("msg = " + msg.arg1);
}
};
实现消息驱动有几个要素:
- 消息的表示:Message
- 消息队列:MessageQueue
- 消息循环,用于循环取出消息进行处理:Looper
- 消息处理,消息循环从消息队列中取出消息后要对消息进行处理:Handler
源码分析
使用Handler之前,我们都是通过new Handler()初始化一个实例,同时会获取Looper和messageQueue的实例。
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
//检测扩展此Handler类并且不是静态的匿名,本地或成员类。 这些类可能会产生泄漏。
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
//默认将关联当前线程的looper
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
//直接把关联looper的MQ作为自己的MQ,因此它的消息将发送到关联looper的MQ上
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
Handler的send或者post类方法被调用时,最终会调用MessageQueue的enqueueMessage方法,将消息放入消息队列中。(post(Runnable r)中的Runnable对象会被封装成message对象)
//发送消息
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
//发送消息
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
//最终都是调用sendMessageAtTime()方法
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;//meg.target赋值为当前handler
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
//调用enqueueMessage()将Message送到MessageQueue中去,该MessageQueue的实例是looper在初始化的时候创建的
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
当Looper发现有新消息来时,就会处理这个消息(Android 在进程的入口函数 ActivityThread.main()方法中,会调用 Looper.prepareMainLooper(), 为应用的主线程创建Looper,然后调用Looper.loop()就启动了进程的消息循环。所以我们在activity中创建的Handler默认是运行在ui线程中的,可以直接更新ui。我们也可以在自线程中去调用Looper.prepare()方法去创建该线程的Looper)
//
public static final void prepare() {
//一个线程中只有一个Looper实例
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(true));
}
//轮询处理调用handler.
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();//获取ThreadLocal中存储的Looper实例
//需要先调用prepare()创建Looper实例
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;//获取该looper实例中的mQueue
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
//无限循环
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
//取出一条消息,如果没有消息则阻塞
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
//把消息交给msg.target的dispatchMessage方法去处理
//msg.target 是handler中enqueueMessage()方法中msg.target = this赋值的handler实例
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
//释放资源
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
looper轮询处理消息调用dispatchMessage()方法
// 处理消息,该方法由looper调用
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
// 如果message设置了callback,即runnable消息,处理callback!
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
// 如果handler本身设置了callback,则执行callback
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
//调用handleMessage()方法,内部是空实现,交给用户复写,处理消息。
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
// 处理runnable消息
private final void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run(); //直接调用run方法
}
// 由用户复写
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}
Message
在整个消息处理机制中,message封装了任务携带的信息和处理该任务的handler。
- 尽管Message有public的默认构造方法,但是推荐通过Message.obtain()来从消息池中获得空消息对象,以节省资源。
- 如果你的message只储存int信息,优先使用Message.arg1和Message.arg2来传递信息,这比用Bundle更省内存
- 擅用message.what来标识信息,以便用不同方式处理message。