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微博：厉圣杰
源码：AndroidDemo/DrawerLayout
文中如有纰漏，欢迎大家留言指出。
Android 抽屉菜单实现方式主要有两种方式，一是使用 Google 官方推出的侧滑菜单实现：DrawerLayout ，这个类是在 android-support-v4 包里；二是使用开源库，如: SlidingMenu ，不过此开源库自 2014年5月10号起就没有更新过，更是留有二百多没关闭的 issue ，故直接放弃此库。所以只考虑使用 DrawerLayout 实现抽屉式菜单。
DrawerLayout
DrawerLayout 是窗口的顶级容器，它允许从窗口的左边缘或右边缘拉出抽屉式菜单。下图是网易新闻抽屉式菜单样式：
网易新闻抽屉式菜单
抽屉式菜单的定位和布局通过 android:layout_gravity 属性来控制，其可选值为 left 、 right 或者 start 、 end 。但是，每一边缘只能设置一个抽屉式视图，否则会抛出运行时异常。
DrawerLayout 的第一个子View 用于显示主要内容，即抽屉菜单没有打开时显示的布局，它可以是 LinearLayout 、 FrameLayout ...第一个元素宽高默认都是 match_parent 的而且不用设置 layout_gravity 属性。
接下来紧跟的子元素是抽屉菜单，如 ListView 、 LinearLayout 等。抽屉式菜单一般高度都设为 match_parent ，而宽度不应该超过 320dp ，这样用户可以在打开抽屉菜单时看到部分内容界面。
典型 DrawerLayout 布局如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!-- The main content view -->
<!-- 一般宽高都是 match_parent 且不用设置 layout_gravity 属性 -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- 用于替换 ActionBar，如果不需要可以直接删除 -->
<include
android:id="@+id/tool_bar"
layout="@layout/tool_bar" />
<!-- 一般 DrawerLayout 是与 Fragment 结合使用的，当点击抽屉菜单中的 item 时，使用 FragmentManager 来实现切换，实现内容页的改变 -->
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>
<!-- The navigation drawer -->
<!-- layout_width 一般小于 320dp -->
<!-- 通过设置 layout_gravity 对抽屉菜单进行定位 -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:background="@color/white"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- 实现自定义布局，不一定要是 ListView -->
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="right"
android:background="@color/white"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- 实现自定义布局，不一定要是 ListView -->
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
DrawerLayout 初试身手
前面讲了 DrawerLayout 的基本用途、注意事项及其典型的布局格式，下面我们就进行实战，实现如下效果：
从效果图中可以看出来，抽屉菜单分为 header 和 list 两部分，那么我们就需要在抽屉菜单这部分布局中实现。
activity_drawer_layout.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!-- The main content view -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<include
android:id="@+id/tool_bar"
layout="@layout/tool_bar" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center" />
</LinearLayout>
<!-- The navigation drawer -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:background="@color/white"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@color/skyblue"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:paddingLeft="20dp"
android:paddingTop="20dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_header"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="40dp"
android:text="厉圣杰"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv_item"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp"
android:listSelector="@color/colorAccent" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="right"
android:background="@color/colorAccent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Right Drawer" />
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
主要代码：
public class DrawerLayoutActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private int[] mIcons = new int[]{R.mipmap.ic_contacts_black_24dp, R.mipmap.ic_message_black_24dp
, R.mipmap.ic_wifi_black_24dp, R.mipmap.ic_settings_black_24dp};
private String[] mContents = new String[]{"Contacts", "Message", "Wifi", "Settings"};
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private Toolbar mToolbar;
private TextView mTvContent;
private ListView mLvItem;
private DrawerItemAdapter mAdapter;
private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_drawer_layout);
mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
mToolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.tool_bar);
mTvContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
mLvItem = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_item);
mAdapter = new DrawerItemAdapter();
mLvItem.setAdapter(mAdapter);
mLvItem.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
mTvContent.setText("Current Selected Item : " + position);
}
});
//设置 Logo
//mToolbar.setLogo(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
//使用 Toolbar 取代 ActionBar
setSupportActionBar(mToolbar);
//注意，设置 Toolbar 及相关点击事件最好放在 setSupportActionBar 后，否则很可能无效
//设置 Navigation 图标和点击事件必须放在 setSupportActionBar 后，否则无效
mToolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.mipmap.ic_menu_black_24dp);
mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout, mToolbar,
R.string.open_drawer, R.string.close_drawer);
mDrawerLayout.addDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
}
class DrawerItemAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mIcons.length;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return null;
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder vh;
if (convertView == null) {
vh = new ViewHolder();
convertView = LayoutInflater.from(DrawerLayoutActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.item_drawer, null);
vh.ivIcon = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_icon);
vh.tvContent = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
convertView.setTag(vh);
}
vh = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
vh.ivIcon.setImageResource(mIcons[position]);
vh.tvContent.setText(mContents[position]);
return convertView;
}
class ViewHolder {
ImageView ivIcon;
TextView tvContent;
}
}
}
这里有一点要注意的是，设置 Toolbar 及相关点击事件最好放在 setSupportActionBar 后，否则很可能无效，关于 Toolbar 可以参考这篇文章。
如果想要实现以下这种效果，则只需要对布局文件稍作修改即可。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<include layout="@layout/tool_bar" />
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!-- The main content view -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center" />
</LinearLayout>
<!-- The navigation drawer -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:background="@color/white"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@color/skyblue"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:paddingBottom="20dp"
android:paddingLeft="20dp"
android:paddingTop="20dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_header"
android:layout_width="60dp"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="40dp"
android:text="厉圣杰"
android:textColor="@color/black"
android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv_item"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp"
android:listSelector="@color/colorAccent" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="right"
android:background="@color/colorAccent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Right Drawer" />
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</LinearLayout>
另外说明一点，关于如此抽屉菜单样式实现还有以下几种方式：
- 通过往 ListView 中添加 Header
- 使用 NavigationView 实现
踩过的坑
测试 DrawerLayout 中踩了几个坑，其中一个就是在设置 Toolbar 的 Navigation 图标点击事件无效，解决办法就是将相关设置放在 setSupportActionBar() 方法后，另外几个坑都是跟设置主题样式有关。特此记录 log 及相关的解决方法。
使用 DrawerLayout 碰到关于 style 的坑
FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.littlejie.drawerlayout, PID: 3964
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.littlejie.drawerlayout/com.littlejie.drawerlayout.DrawerLayoutActivity}: java.lang.IllegalStateException: You need to use a Theme.AppCompat theme (or descendant) with this activity.
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2665)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: You need to use a Theme.AppCompat theme (or descendant) with this activity.
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.createSubDecor(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:343)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.ensureSubDecor(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:312)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.setContentView(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:277)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.setContentView(AppCompatActivity.java:140)
at com.littlejie.drawerlayout.DrawerLayoutActivity.onCreate(DrawerLayoutActivity.java:36)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6679)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1118)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2618)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
碰到上述问题是，使用 AppCompatActivity 的主题设置不对，将主题改为如下即可：
<style name="AppCompat" parent="Theme.AppCompat"></style>
FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.littlejie.drawerlayout, PID: 5397
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.littlejie.drawerlayout/com.littlejie.drawerlayout.DrawerLayoutActivity}: java.lang.IllegalStateException: This Activity already has an action bar supplied by the window decor. Do not request Window.FEATURE_SUPPORT_ACTION_BAR and set windowActionBar to false in your theme to use a Toolbar instead.
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2665)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: This Activity already has an action bar supplied by the window decor. Do not request Window.FEATURE_SUPPORT_ACTION_BAR and set windowActionBar to false in your theme to use a Toolbar instead.
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.setSupportActionBar(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:198)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.setSupportActionBar(AppCompatActivity.java:130)
at com.littlejie.drawerlayout.DrawerLayoutActivity.onCreate(DrawerLayoutActivity.java:53)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6679)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1118)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2618)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
发现上诉问题是因为 ActionBar 已经存在引起，故将 style 改为：
<style name="AppCompat" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"></style>
<!-- 若 windowNoTitle 为 false ，则会抛出下面的异常 -->
<style name="AppCompat1" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<item name="windowActionBar">false</item>
<item name="windowNoTitle">true</item>
</style>
Process: com.littlejie.drawerlayout, PID: 10761
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.littlejie.drawerlayout/com.littlejie.drawerlayout.DrawerLayoutActivity}: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: AppCompat does not support the current theme features: { windowActionBar: false, windowActionBarOverlay: false, android:windowIsFloating: false, windowActionModeOverlay: false, windowNoTitle: false }
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2665)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: AppCompat does not support the current theme features: { windowActionBar: false, windowActionBarOverlay: false, android:windowIsFloating: false, windowActionModeOverlay: false, windowNoTitle: false }
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.createSubDecor(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:458)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.ensureSubDecor(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:312)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV7.setContentView(AppCompatDelegateImplV7.java:277)
at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.setContentView(AppCompatActivity.java:140)
at com.littlejie.drawerlayout.DrawerLayoutActivity.onCreate(DrawerLayoutActivity.java:34)
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6679)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1118)
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2618)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:886)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:776)
