SpringCloud Sleuth Zipkin

Zipkin

Zipkin是一种分布式链路追踪系统。它有助于收集解决微服务架构中的延迟问题所需的时序数据。它管理这些数据的收集和查找。 Zipkin的设计基于Google Dapper论文。
跟踪器存在于应用程序中，记录请求调用的时间和元数据。跟踪器使用库，它们的使用对用户是无感知的。例如，Web服务器会在收到请求时和发送响应时会记录相应的时间和一些元数据。一次完整链路请求所收集的数据被称为Span。
我们可以使用它来收集各个服务器上请求链路的跟踪数据，并通过它提供的 REST API 接口来辅助我们查询跟踪数据以实现对分布式系统的监控程序，从而及时地发现系统中出现的延迟升高问题并找出系统性能瓶颈的根源。除了面向开发的 API 接口之外，它也提供了方便的 UI 组件来帮助我们直观的搜索跟踪信息和分析请求链路明细，比如：可以查询某段时间内各用户请求的处理时间等。
Zipkin 提供了可插拔数据存储方式：In-Memory、MySql、Cassandra 以及 Elasticsearch。接下来的测试为方便直接采用 In-Memory 方式进行存储，生产推荐 Elasticsearch.

zipkin(服务端)包含四个组件，分别是collector、storage、search、web UI。
collector 就是信息收集器,作为一个守护进程，它会时刻等待客户端传递过来的追踪数据，对这些数据进行验证、存储以及创建查询需要的索引。
storage 是存储组件。zipkin 默认直接将数据存在内存中，此外支持使用Cassandra、ElasticSearch 和 Mysql。
search 是一个查询进程，它提供了简单的JSON API来供外部调用查询。
web UI 是zipkin的服务端展示平台，主要调用search提供的接口，用图表将链路信息清晰地展示给开发人员。

docker pull openzipkin/zipkin
docker run -d -p 9411:9411 openzipkin/zipkin

docker-compose 启动zipkin，并设置mysql数据库

version: '2'

services:
  # The zipkin process services the UI, and also exposes a POST endpoint that
  # instrumentation can send trace data to. Scribe is disabled by default.
  zipkin:
    image: openzipkin/zipkin
    container_name: zipkin
    environment:
      - STORAGE_TYPE=mysql
      # Point the zipkin at the storage backend
      - MYSQL_DB=zipkin
      - MYSQL_USER=root
      - MYSQL_PASS=123456
      - MYSQL_HOST=192.168.1.8
      - MYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
      # Uncomment to enable scribe
      # - SCRIBE_ENABLED=true
      # Uncomment to enable self-tracing
      # - SELF_TRACING_ENABLED=true
      # Uncomment to enable debug logging
      # - JAVA_OPTS=-Dlogging.level.zipkin=DEBUG -Dlogging.level.zipkin2=DEBUG
    ports:
      # Port used for the Zipkin UI and HTTP Api
      - 9411:9411
      # Uncomment if you set SCRIBE_ENABLED=true
      # - 9410:9410
    #networks: 
    #  - default 
    #  - my_net #创建网路 docker network create my_net 删除网络 docker network rm my_net
#networks: 
  #my_net: 
    #external: true

zipkin表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` BIGINT,
  `debug` BIT(1),
  `start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
  `duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_annotations';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX(`start_ts`) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
  `trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  `trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
  `span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
  `a_key` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
  `a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
  `a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
  `a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
  `endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_ipv6` BINARY(16) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
  `endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  `endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR(255) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null'
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp`) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id_high`, `trace_id`) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`endpoint_service_name`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_type`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`a_key`) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX(`trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
  `day` DATE NOT NULL,
  `parent` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `child` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
  `call_count` BIGINT,
  `error_count` BIGINT
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE zipkin_dependencies ADD UNIQUE KEY(`day`, `parent`, `child`);