Chaptrer 8 下
words and phrases
（1）enormous [ɪ'nɔːməs]
adj. 庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的
同义词：huge，tremendous，massive
an enormous bunch of flowers 巨大的花束
an enormous amount of money 巨款
The team made an enormous effort. 该队付出了巨大的努力
原句：Social proof has enormous sway over our everyday behavior.
仿句：The scientists made an enormous effort on the experiment project.
（2）convince [kən'vɪns]
vt. 说服；使确信，使信服
convince sb (that)
convince sb of sth
convince sb to do sth
同义词：assure，reason，satisfy，argue
原句：Just convince people it’s the habit of a group they would never want to be a member of. 让人们相信这种行为是你从不愿掺和的那个群体成员的坏习惯。
仿写：I’ve been trying to convince my brother to lose weight.
（3）secure [sə'kjʊr]
adj. 安全的；无虑的；有把握的；稳当的
vt. 保护；弄到；招致；缚住
vi. 获得安全；船抛锚；停止工作
原句：We may be willing to give up our vices and cultivate new virtues if we believe that it will more firmly secure us a spot in our most cherished tribe. 如果我们相信，戒掉恶习并培养新的美德会让我们在自己最重视的群体中站稳脚跟，我们或许愿意这样做。
仿写：We should secure the precious wildlife.
（4）exclude [ɪk'sklʊd]
vt. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出
同义词：precluderule out
exclude sth from sth 〔故意〕不包括；把…排除在外
原句：Anytime we feel excluded or disrespected, we are at greater risk for giving in to our worst impulses. 只要我们觉得被排斥或者被冒犯，我们就有可能屈服于自己最糟糕的冲动。
仿写：We don't exclude the possibility of power failure .
（5）conquer ['kɒŋkə]
vt. 战胜，征服；攻克，攻取
vi. 胜利；得胜
原句：You don't have to conquer your willpower challenge alone.你无需单独面对你的意志力挑战。
仿写：We all have to conquer the lazy.
Sentence
（1） Research shows that it is surprisingly easy to catch a person’s goals in a way that changes your own behavior.Psychologists call this goal contagion.Goal contagion works in both directions—you can catch self-control as well as self-indulgence
研究发现，我们很容易感染别人的目标，从而改变自己的行为。心理学家称之为“目标传染病”。目标传染在两个方向上都会起作用，你既可以感染自控，也可以感染自我放纵。
（2） The best way to strengthen your immune response to other people's goals is to spend a few minutes at the beginning of your day thinking about your own goals, and how you could be tempted to ignore them. Like a vaccine that protects you from other people's germs, reflecting on your own goals will reinforce your intentions and help you avoid goal contagion.
当你面对别人的目标时，增强免疫系统的最佳途径就是：在每天刚开始的时候花几分钟想想自己的目标，想想你会怎么受到诱惑，想要改变自己的目标。这就像疫苗一样，能保护你不受别人的感染。回想自己的目标能强化这个目标，避免你感染他人的目标。
（3）They caught the goal to do whatever they wanted, rather than what they were supposed to do.When we observe evidence of other people ignoring rules and following their impulses, we are more likely to give in to any of our own impulses.
人们感染的目标是做自己想做的事，而不是该做的事。当我们看到别人忽视规则，受欲望支配的时候，我们更可能在任何冲动面前选择屈服。
（4）When you need a little extra willpower,bring your role model to mind. Ask yourself: What would this willpower wonder do? Social epidemics—like the spread of obesity or smoking—follow a pattern of complex contagion. It is not enough to come into contact with a person who is a “carrier” of the behavior. Your relationship to that person matters.
当你需要多余意志力的时候，想想你的榜样。问问自己，那个意志力强多的人会怎么做？社会传染，如肥胖或者吸烟的传播，遵循的是复杂传染的模式，仅仅接触到行为的携带者还不够，重要的是，你和这个人的关系。
（5）If we want people to have more willpower, we need to make them believe that self-control is the norm.When everyone gains weight, our internal standards about what is “obese" shift upward, even if medical standards remain the same.The pull to the center can be more powerful than the desire to do the right thing.
如果我们想让别人更有意志力，就要让他们相信自控是个社会规范。当所有人的体重都在增加的时候，即使医学上的肥胖标准没有变化，我们自己却把肥胖标准提上去了。和做正确的事比起来，人们更愿意向中间靠拢。
（6）When it comes to social proof, what we think other people do matters even more than what they actually do.
在说到社会认同的时候，我们认为别人做的事比别人实际做的更重要.
（7）This research points to a helpful strategy for making resolutions stick: Go public with your willpower challenges. If you believe that others are rooting for your success and keeping an eye on your behavior, you’ll be more motivated to do the right thing.
这个调查指出，让自己坚定决心的有效策略是——公开你的意志力挑战。如果你相信别人会支持你走向成功并观察你的行为，你就会更有动力去做正确的事。
（8）To a remarkable degree, our brains incorporate the goals, beliefs, and actions of other people into our decisions. When we are with other people, or simply thinking about them, they become one more “self; in our minds competing for self-control. The flip side is also true: Our own actions influence the actions of countless other people, and each choice we make for ourselves can serve as inspiration or temptation for others.
值得注意的是，我们的大脑会把别人的目标、信念和行为整合到自己的决策中。当我们跟别人在一起，或只是简单的想到他们时，在我们的脑海里，别人就会成为另一个“自我”，并且和“自我”比赛自控。反之亦然：我们的行为也影响了其他无数人，我们做的每个选择对别人也是一种鼓舞和诱惑。
—— 启 发 1——
目标是可以相互感染的。积极的会感染积极，消极的会感染消极.....但是我们不能无限制的被其他人的目标感染，否则最终会遗失自己的目标，陷入越来越多“自我”的困局。所以，每天都要把自己的目标拿出来，花几分钟时间确认自己的目标，坚定自己的目标。当然，从另一个角度来讲，如果我们发现自己又被谁的目标感染了，而且感染得热血澎湃，这在一定程度上也说明了，这个目标与你潜意识的目标很相近，这个目标人与你潜意识想成为的人也很类似，当被感染目标的时候，或许又是一个和自我目标深度对话的机会。
这个世界上一定有那么一些人，活成你最希望的样子，我相信一定有的。有时候，为自己人生寻找各类型的成长导师，或是现实世界的，或是网络远程的，或者是默默关注的，都很好！在这种情况下，一个人的自我成长力和信息挖掘力都会快速增强，比如，当我发现一篇优秀的文章，我会马上寻找到这篇文章的作者和这篇文章发布的平台，以及文章里面推荐的好的书单、影单，这种层层挖掘其实就是一种目标被感染的状态。这种“超链接”能力，在知识型的社会变得尤为重要。
还有，每一个人都要努力让自己从内而外成为一个好的传染源。
—— 启 发 2——
每个人的行为都是受“社会认同”影响的。我们即使在一定程度上认为自己的完全独立的，自由的，个性化的，但是在整个社会群体框架里，我们仍然只是其中一员。并且服从多数，服从主流趋势，这在我们的行为选择中一定程度上也是无法避免的。那么，就干脆用好“社会认同”这个符号吧，我们可以鼓励自己加入更多的小组和社群，公开意志力挑战，在集体的激励和感染下，在群友的鼓励下推动下，一起更好的完成自己的人生功课。
从另一方面讲，这种“社会认同”的标签虽然是大众性的，集体性的，看似无可避免，实际上仍然是可以避免的。如果陷入到深度依赖“社会认同”这个标签，会发现自己慢慢会丧失活力、创造力和独立思考能力，对“被认同”“被接纳”“被评价”完全上瘾，躲在一个壳里，不敢出来。集体意志固然安全，却也是对独立意志的超级束缚...我们知道“少数服从多数”的原理，但我们也同时知道“真理掌握在少数人手里！二八法则用在这里依然适合...
当一个人真正不再需要通过外界的认可和评判来评判自己的时候，就自由了！
习惯性的叮嘱自己，阅读任何一本书或者一个观点，抛开评判的成见，不用对与错来论之，只是让它到我们的思维中去，到大脑里去，打开心，去面见我们既有的所有观点，像老朋友欢迎新朋友一样，热情迎接，自由碰撞，从动作行为状态上的“开—心”到心理状态的“开心”！
Summary
The author conveys a core idea that self-control is influenced by social proof, making both willpower and temptation contagious in this chapter.We can get effective solution in the right way.We don't have to conquer our willpower challenge alone，we can seek support from friend, family member, or coworker who could join you in your willpower goals. Try to find a partner and ask each other on a regular basis : Did you do what you said you were going to do? Sometimes,It can turn into a true buddy system of support by Joining the community .
