今日内容
python爬虫
1.爬取梨视频页面全部视频:
'''
'''
'''
爬取梨视频:
请求url:
https://www.pearvideo.com/
请求方式:
GET
请求头:
user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36
'''
import requests
import re # 正则模块
# 1、对梨视频详情页发送请求,获取响应数据
response = requests.get(url='https://www.pearvideo.com/')
print(response.status_code)
print(response.text)
# re.findall('正则匹配规则', '解析文本', "正则模式")
# re.S: 全局模式 (对整个文本行进匹配)
# .指的是当前位置
# *指的是查找所有
'''
<a href="video_1543373"
<a href="video_(.*?)" # 提取1543373
'''
# 2、获取主页视频详情页ID
res = re.findall('<a href="video_(.*?)"', response.text, re.S)
print(res)
for m_id in res:
# 拼接详情页url
detail_url = 'https://www.pearvideo.com/video_' + m_id
print(detail_url)
import requests
import re # 正则模块
# uuid.uuid4() 可以根据时间戳生成一段世界上唯一的随机字符串
import uuid
# 爬虫三部曲
# 1、发送请求
def get_page(url):
response = requests.get(url)
return response
# 2、解析数据
# 解析主页获取视频详情页ID
def parse_index(text):
res = re.findall('<a href="video_(.*?)"', text, re.S)
# print(res)
detail_url_list = []
for m_id in res:
# 拼接详情页url
detail_url = 'https://www.pearvideo.com/video_' + m_id
# print(detail_url)
detail_url_list.append(detail_url)
# print(detail_url_list)
return detail_url_list
# 解析详情页获取视频url
def parse_detail(text):
''''''
'''
(.*?): 提取括号的内容
.*?: 直接匹配
<video webkit-playsinline="" playsinline="" x-webkit-airplay="" autoplay="autoplay" src="https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/adshort/20190613/cont-1566073-14015522_adpkg-ad_hd.mp4" style="width: 100%; height: 100%;"></video>
正则: <video.*?src="(.*?)"
# 以上是分析过程,不需要写
正则: srcUrl="(.*?)"
'''
movie_url = re.findall('srcUrl="(.*?)"', text, re.S)[0]
return movie_url
# 3、保存数据
def save_movie(movie_url):
response = requests.get(movie_url)
# 把视频写到本地
with open(f'{uuid.uuid4()}.mp4', 'wb') as f:
f.write(response.content)
f.flush()
if __name__ == '__main__': # main + 回车键
# 1、对主页发送请求
index_res = get_page(url='https://www.pearvideo.com/')
# 2、对主页进行解析、获取详情页id
detail_url_list = parse_index(index_res.text)
# print(detail_url_list)
# 3、对每个详情页url发送请求
for detail_url in detail_url_list:
detail_res = get_page(url=detail_url)
print(detail_res.text)
# 4、解析详情页获取视频url
movie_url = parse_detail(detail_res.text)
print(movie_url)
# 5、保存视频
save_movie(movie_url)
2.高性能爬虫
import requests
import re # 正则模块
# uuid.uuid4() 可以根据时间戳生成一段世界上唯一的随机字符串
import uuid
# 导入线程池模块
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
# 线程池限制50个线程
pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(50)
# 爬虫三部曲
# 1、发送请求
def get_page(url):
print(f'开始异步任务: {url}')
response = requests.get(url)
return response
# 2、解析数据
# 解析主页获取视频详情页ID
def parse_index(res):
response = res.result()
# 提取出主页所有ID
id_list = re.findall('<a href="video_(.*?)"', response.text, re.S)
# print(res)
# 循环id列表
for m_id in id_list:
# 拼接详情页url
detail_url = 'https://www.pearvideo.com/video_' + m_id
# print(detail_url)
# 把详情页url提交给get_page函数
pool.submit(get_page, detail_url).add_done_callback(parse_detail)
# 解析详情页获取视频url
def parse_detail(res):
response = res.result()
movie_url = re.findall('srcUrl="(.*?)"', response.text, re.S)[0]
# 异步提交把视频url传给get_page函数,把返回的结果传给save_movie
pool.submit(get_page, movie_url).add_done_callback(save_movie)
# 3、保存数据
def save_movie(res):
movie_res = res.result()
# 把视频写到本地
with open(f'{uuid.uuid4()}.mp4', 'wb') as f:
f.write(movie_res.content)
print(f'视频下载结束: {movie_res.url}')
f.flush()
if __name__ == '__main__': # main + 回车键
# 一 往get_page发送异步请求,把结果交给parse_index函数
url = 'https://www.pearvideo.com/'
pool.submit(get_page, url).add_done_callback(parse_index)
3.requests详细使用
'''
GET请求讲解
'''
'''
User-Agent
# 访问知乎发现
请求url:
https://www.zhihu.com/explore
请求方式:
GET
请求头:
user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36
cookies
'''
# 访问知乎
# import requests
# response = requests.get(url='https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
# print(response.status_code) # 400
# print(response.text) # 返回错误页面
# 携带请求头参数访问知乎:
import requests
# 请求头字典
# headers = {
# 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36'
# }
# 在get请求内,添加user-agent
# response = requests.get(url='https://www.zhihu.com/explore', headers=headers)
# print(response.status_code) # 200
# # print(response.text)
# with open('zhihu.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
# f.write(response.text)
'''
params请求参数
访问百度搜查安徽工程大学url
https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=安徽工程大学&pn=10
https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=安徽工程大学&pn=20
# '''
from urllib.parse import urlencode
# url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%94%A1%E5%BE%90%E5%9D%A4'
# url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?' + urlencode({"wd": "蔡徐坤"})
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?'
headers = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36'
}
# print(url)
# 在get方法中添加params参数
# response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params={"wd": "安徽工程大学"})
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params={"wd": "安徽工程大学", "pn": "20"})
# print(response.text)
with open('gongcheng2.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(response.text)
'''
携带cookies
携带登录cookies破解github登录验证
请求url:
https://github.com/settings/emails
请求方式:
GET
请求头:
User-Agen
Cookie: has_recent_activity=1; _ga=GA1.2.1416117396.1560496852; _gat=1; tz=Asia%2FShanghai; _octo=GH1.1.1728573677.1560496856; _device_id=1cb66c9a9599576a3b46df2455810999; user_session=1V8n9QfKpbgB-DhS4A7l3Tb3jryARZZ02NDdut3J2hy-8scm; __Host-user_session_same_site=1V8n9QfKpbgB-DhS4A7l3Tb3jryARZZ02NDdut3J2hy-8scm; logged_in=yes; dotcom_user=TankJam; _gh_sess=ZS83eUYyVkpCWUZab21lN29aRHJTUzgvWjRjc2NCL1ZaMHRsdGdJeVFQM20zRDdPblJ1cnZPRFJjclZKNkcrNXVKbTRmZ3pzZzRxRFExcUozQWV4ZG9kOUQzZzMwMzA2RGx5V2dSaTMwaEZ2ZDlHQ0NzTTBtdGtlT2tVajg0c0hYRk5IOU5FelYxanY4T1UvVS9uV0YzWmF0a083MVVYVGlOSy9Edkt0aXhQTmpYRnVqdFAwSFZHVHZQL0ZyQyt0ZjROajZBclY4WmlGQnNBNTJpeEttb3RjVG1mM0JESFhJRXF5M2IwSlpHb1Mzekc5M0d3OFVIdGpJaHg3azk2aStEcUhPaGpEd2RyMDN3K2pETmZQQ1FtNGNzYnVNckR4aWtibkxBRC8vaGM9LS1zTXlDSmFnQkFkWjFjanJxNlhCdnRRPT0%3D--04f6f3172b5d01244670fc8980c2591d83864f60
'''
import requests
# 请求url
url = 'https://github.com/settings/emails'
# 请求头
headers = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36',
# 在请求头中拼接cookies
# github_res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
import requests
cookies = {
'Cookie': 'ccc'; _ga='ddd'; _gat=1; tz=‘xxx’; _octo='yyy'; _device_id=‘zzz’
# 'ccc''ddd'‘xxx’'yyy'‘zzz’ depends on your browser information
}
github_res = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies)
print('xxx' in github_res.text)#xxx is your username
4.爬取豆瓣Top250电影信息
''''''
'''
主页:
https://movie.douban.com/top250
GET
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36
re正则:
# 电影详情页url、图片链接、电影名称、电影评分、评价人数
<div class="item">.*?href="(.*?)">.*?src="(.*?)".*?<span class="title">(.*?)</span>.*?<span class="rating_num".*?>(.*?)</span>.*?<span>(.*?)人评价
'''
import requests
import re
url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36'
}
# 1、往豆瓣TOP250发送请求获取响应数据
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
# print(response.text)
# 2、通过正则解析提取数据
# 电影详情页url、图片链接、电影名称、电影评分、评价人数
movie_content_list = re.findall(
# 正则规则
'<div class="item">.*?href="(.*?)">.*?src="(.*?)".*?<span class="title">(.*?)</span>.*?<span class="rating_num".*?>(.*?)</span>.*?<span>(.*?)人评价',
# 解析文本
response.text,
# 匹配模式
re.S)
for movie_content in movie_content_list:
# 解压赋值每一部电影
detail_url, movie_jpg, name, point, num = movie_content
data = f'电影名称:{name}, 详情页url:{detail_url}, 图片url:{movie_jpg}, 评分: {point}, 评价人数: {num} \n'
print(data)
# 3、保存数据,把电影信息写入文件中
with open('douban.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(data)